In a recent push to address economic distortions and stimulate growth, the Ministry of Food Industry (MINAL) has highlighted the need to expand the production of nutritious foods. This initiative is part of a broader government program aimed at revitalizing the economy and enhancing production for the benefit of the Cuban people.
The proposal was discussed at a MINAL leadership meeting, emphasizing that increased production and sales by state enterprises could lead to more offerings and price stabilization. Despite these goals, MINAL struggles to meet its production targets for the nine products included in the rationed family basket due to shortages of both domestic and imported raw materials.
As a potential remedy, MINAL has identified aquaculture as a resource, noting the availability of over 100,000 hectares of reservoirs, which could be used for fish production alongside their primary functions of consumption and irrigation.
The report also suggests that non-state economic actors might import raw materials for national industries, potentially reducing costs while benefiting all parties involved. However, barriers in supply chain linkages remain, attributed to "subjective elements" within the business system that require urgent reform.
MINAL officials have pointed to successful examples in certain industries, viewing foreign investment and partial dollarization of the economy as opportunities to assure investors of timely capital returns. There is also a call to tap into existing domestic currency reserves, particularly with an eye toward 2026.
Quality management systems were emphasized in the government's program, highlighting concerns about consumption indices, quality issues, crime, and subpar production standards.
The food crisis in Cuba remains dire. In June 2025, despite officials in Ciego de Ávila claiming progress in "food sovereignty," citizens reported ongoing shortages, casting doubt on the effectiveness of state programs. Later, Villa Clara resumed rationed bread sales, but technical issues and quality problems persisted, underscoring distribution system failures.
By early August, a study revealed that a Cuban couple required over 40,000 pesos monthly for basic sustenance, highlighting a stark disparity between income levels and the actual cost of living on the island. Subsequently, in Matanzas, flour shortages led to rationed crackers priced at 850 pesos as a bread substitute, sparking public discontent and questioning the priorities of the food system.
In November, the Ministry of Education (MINED) launched a campaign promoting proper nutrition in schools, yet many children continued to attend classes without breakfast, as family hardships hindered meeting basic nutritional needs.
Understanding Cuba's Food Crisis and Economic Challenges
What are the main obstacles to food production in Cuba?
The primary challenges include shortages of raw materials, both domestic and imported, and systemic issues within the business framework that require urgent reform.
How is the Cuban government addressing the food shortage?
The government is focusing on increasing the production of nutritious foods and exploring aquaculture. They are also considering foreign investment and partial dollarization to enhance the economy.
What impact does the food crisis have on Cuban families?
Cuban families face significant financial strain, with many unable to afford basic sustenance, leading to widespread shortages and reliance on subpar substitutes like crackers instead of bread.