Abakuá Influence: Cultural Display at University of Havana Sparks Religious Debate

Recent images featuring two Iremes alongside the Alma Mater statue at the University of Havana have ignited a lively discussion on social media. This event marks an unprecedented occurrence in the nearly 300-year history of the educational institution.

The photos were shared by the Facebook page Abakuá Manifesto, accompanied by a message stating: "We will continue to elevate the honor of the Abakuá community to its deserved heights. It is essential for many to engage with the historical wheel and understand that coherence and respect contribute more than violence and negativity."

The Cultural Presence of Abakuá at the University

Contrary to initial assumptions, the appearance of these Abakuá figures on the university steps was not a religious act. Instead, it was part of a cultural exhibition linked to a philosophy course. The Abakuá members participated in educational activities aimed at highlighting the ethical and historical dimensions of this male fraternity.

Yadira Diaz, a Facebook user, remarked: "This event took place during a Philosophy of Religion class for philosophy students. I was teaching a class on Latin American Philosophical Thought in the adjacent room, and my students also enjoyed the cultural, syncretic, and educational experience."

The Karabalí School spearheaded this initiative, aiming to promote education and respect within the Abakuá community. Their goal is to provide cultural tools to dismantle long-standing stereotypes associating the group with violence and marginal behavior.

Understanding the Iremes: Historical Roots and Symbolism

The Iremes, often referred to as "little devils," are masked and dancing figures integral to the Abakuá Secret Society. They embody ancestral spirits and represent the spiritual energy safeguarding religious rituals. Silent in nature, they communicate through gestures in their sometimes forceful and intimidating dances.

The Abakuá society emerged in Cuba in the 1830s, rooted in the Calabar region of Nigeria, Africa. It developed among Africans and their descendants primarily in western Cuba, particularly in Havana and Matanzas, eventually including white Creoles as well.

This male fraternity is known for its unique codes, strong ritual structure, and ethical system based on loyalty, mutual aid, and respect for oaths. While the Abakuás have been linked to significant episodes in Cuban history, they have also been burdened by stereotypes associating them with street violence or antisocial behavior. Members often reject such characterizations, arguing they misrepresent a tradition that prioritizes moral conduct and family protection.

Social Media Reactions: Religion and Responsibility in Cuba

Social media users have expressed mixed reactions to the initiative. Some celebrate it as an attempt to rescue values and educate new generations, while others question whether the fraternity has effectively curbed the indiscipline and violence associated with some individuals identifying as Abakuá.

This has also sparked a broader political debate: Should a religious fraternity take an active role amidst the national crisis?

Supporters assert that the fraternity is neither a political organization nor a collective action body with extraordinary powers. It does not grant immunity, privileges, or the capability to single-handedly challenge oppressive structures. The responsibility for change lies with society as a whole. Being Abakuá involves adhering to codes of conduct—honor, discipline, family protection, moral coherence—that can manifest in individual actions but do not constitute a collective political obligation.