The Cuban government has acknowledged a surge in hepatitis A cases across the island. Francisco Durán, the National Director of Epidemiology at the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP), announced on state television the emergence of this health issue. Durán emphasized that this is a digestive transmission disease linked to consuming water contaminated with feces from infected individuals.
"There is an increase, similar to the rise in diarrheal diseases," Durán highlighted. He explained that symptoms of hepatitis A include general malaise, jaundice (a yellow tint) in the skin and eye mucous membranes, and sometimes fever. "It's a viral disease, as it's caused by the hepatitis A virus," he stated.
To prevent infection, it's crucial to consume uncontaminated food, thoroughly wash vegetables, and always drink boiled or chlorinated water. "Efforts are underway to ensure 1% sodium hypochlorite is available in pharmacies at an affordable price," he noted.
Back in May, there was a significant rise in hepatitis A cases in the Reparto Reina neighborhood of Cienfuegos, with over 5,000 patients identified. This prompted authorities to implement epidemiological surveillance measures. Liván Rojas Lantigua from the provincial Health Directorate reported that most cases were concentrated in four blocks of the neighborhood. There, actions were taken "to increase awareness of the risk of virus contraction," including household focus control for maintaining sanitary vigilance.
Last week, Durán warned about the necessity of taking extra precautions with food and water, especially during year-end festivities, to prevent a spike in diarrheal cases. He revealed that Cuba is closing 2024 with active dengue transmission in 13 provinces, with a significant number of hospitalizations, including severe cases. Meanwhile, Oropouche affects 15 provinces but is less severe due to its milder symptoms, with most cases managed at home.
This scenario underscores a critical epidemiological landscape, exacerbated by sanitation issues and structural deficiencies. "The clinical presentation of dengue and Oropouche is quite similar, which might lead to false confidence among people, assuming it's Oropouche when it could actually be dengue, a condition that can worsen," Durán cautioned.
The epidemiologist pointed out that while no cases of Zika, chikungunya, or yellow fever have been registered in Cuba, Aedes aegypti remains the vector responsible for these arboviruses, making it imperative to reinforce sanitation and focus control measures. "We are aware of the challenges with garbage collection, but everyone must strive to minimize risks in their surroundings," Durán added.
Understanding the Hepatitis A Outbreak in Cuba
What is causing the increase in hepatitis A cases in Cuba?
The rise in hepatitis A cases is attributed to the consumption of water contaminated with feces from infected individuals, highlighting issues with sanitation and access to clean water.
What symptoms should individuals watch out for?
Symptoms include general malaise, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and fever. These signs indicate a viral infection by the hepatitis A virus.
How can people prevent hepatitis A infection?
Prevention involves consuming uncontaminated food, thoroughly washing vegetables, and ensuring that water is boiled or chlorinated before drinking.
What other health concerns are currently affecting Cuba?
Cuba is also dealing with active dengue transmission in 13 provinces and Oropouche in 15 provinces, adding to the critical epidemiological situation exacerbated by sanitation issues.