The eastern region of Cuba, particularly Guantánamo province, has been severely affected by Hurricane Oscar, leading to one of the most significant humanitarian crises in recent memory. Here's an in-depth look at the hurricane's impact and the current situation in the afflicted areas.
The Destructive Path of Hurricane Oscar
Making landfall on October 20, 2024, Hurricane Oscar unleashed unprecedented devastation on the eastern coast of Cuba. The province of Guantánamo witnessed relentless torrential rains, with some areas recording over 500 millimeters of precipitation within a single day. This deluge resulted in widespread flooding across municipalities such as San Antonio del Sur, Imías, and Baracoa.
Rivers like the Sabanalamar and Los Ciguatos overflowed, submerging vast regions under water up to one meter deep in some locations. The disaster forced hundreds of families out of their homes, many of whom lost everything.
Humanitarian Crisis and Displacement
The hurricane's impact has triggered a humanitarian emergency in Guantánamo. Thousands were evacuated to shelters, while others sought refuge with relatives or friends. However, the overwhelming floods and landslides have isolated certain communities, complicating relief efforts.
Official reports confirm at least seven fatalities due to the flooding and landslides, although local testimonies suggest the death toll could be higher. Many remain missing, and collapsed bridges have hindered access to the worst-hit areas.
San Antonio del Sur and Imías: Epicenters of Destruction
San Antonio del Sur bore the brunt of Hurricane Oscar's wrath. Residents were caught off guard as the rivers rapidly overflowed, exacerbated by power outages that cut off vital information. The sudden flooding swept away people and homes, with reports of drowning deaths emerging.
In Imías, landslides buried homes and destroyed access routes, isolating communities for days and hampering rescue efforts. Images on social media depict homes engulfed in mud and collapsed bridges obstructing roadways.
Rumors and Panic Over a Supposed Dam Break
Amidst the chaos, rumors of a dam break in San Antonio del Sur spread panic. Fearing further flooding, residents fled their homes in haste. Although authorities quickly debunked these claims as "fake news," the damage was done, creating widespread fear.
In the ensuing panic, many were evacuated haphazardly, with families fleeing to the mountains. The lack of effective communication during widespread power outages contributed to the chaos, leaving many without reliable information.
Criticism of Government Response
The Cuban government's handling of the crisis has faced severe criticism. Many residents argue that there was inadequate preparation for the hurricane, exacerbated by a lack of early warning systems and ineffective communication. A massive blackout left families without weather updates, reducing their ability to respond to the emergency.
Local authorities have highlighted their evacuation efforts, with over 15,000 people evacuated from San Antonio del Sur and Imías. Nonetheless, residents question the slow response and absence of effective preventative measures.
The Role of the Military and Humanitarian Aid
The Cuban military has been instrumental in rescue operations, using helicopters to evacuate vulnerable individuals, including pregnant women and critical patients, from the most affected areas. However, the distribution of food and medicine has been hampered by resource shortages and difficult access.
Meanwhile, activist groups have initiated aid efforts from abroad and other provinces, providing essential supplies like potable water, food, medicines, and other necessities to the affected communities.
Future Challenges: Recovery and Reconstruction
The recovery in Guantánamo will be a long and arduous process, especially amid the country's ongoing economic crisis. The destruction of infrastructure, loss of crops, and precarious living conditions pose significant challenges for families who have lost their homes and means of livelihood.
Health Risks Post-Flooding
Health authorities warn of disease outbreaks following the floods, particularly due to stagnant water that could facilitate mosquito breeding. Francisco Durán, Cuba's National Director of Epidemiology, urges the public to boil water and use chlorine tablets to prevent diarrheal and respiratory illnesses.