It's remarkable that within Cuba, there are such distinct differences in the way people speak between those living in the western and eastern parts of the island. This very topic inspired a video shared on Instagram where two young individuals highlight various concepts and how they are referred to in Havana and Santiago de Cuba.
In the video, the users, known as @kmyqva and @m_momito, list pairs of words such as "llave" and "pluma," "plátano fruta" and "guineo," "chancleta" and "cutara," "zapote" and "mamey." However, the list could easily expand to include other pairs like "hallaca" or "tamal," "dinero" and "plata," "cerdo" and "puerco," among others.
While the focus is on Havana and Santiago de Cuba, the reality is that some of these words are also used in other provinces and cities across the island. Additionally, in some cases, these terms are more commonly used in certain areas than in others, even within the same city.
There are also instances, such as with "col" and "repollo," where in Santiago de Cuba, both terms are used interchangeably, indicating that these cases are not universal.
The Unique Cuban Lexicon
Another fascinating aspect of the Cuban language is the phenomenon of cubanismo, which refers to the unique expressions or words exclusive to the Spanish spoken by Cubans. In some cases, these are entirely new forms not found in other Spanish variants, while in others, they represent new meanings or different usages compared to other Spanish dialects.
The list of such terms is extensive, including words like: cederista, federada, cuentapropista, camilito, bicitaxi, camello, cocotaxi, almendrón, seguroso, fiana, comuñanga, gusano, and many more.
Common Questions About Cuban Spanish Variations
Given the diversity in the Cuban Spanish lexicon, it's no surprise that many people have questions about the variations and unique terms used across different regions of the island. Here, we address some of the most frequently asked questions.
Why do Havana and Santiago de Cuba have different terms for the same objects?
The differences in terminology between Havana and Santiago de Cuba are largely due to regional linguistic variations that have developed over time. These variations are influenced by cultural, historical, and social factors unique to each area.
Are these regional terms used consistently throughout Cuba?
No, some terms are more commonly used in specific regions, while others may be understood but not frequently used elsewhere. Additionally, within the same city, there can be variations in the usage of certain terms.
What is cubanismo?
Cubanismo refers to words or expressions that are unique to the Spanish spoken in Cuba. These can be entirely new forms or new meanings assigned to existing Spanish words, making the Cuban lexicon distinct from other Spanish dialects.
Can you give examples of cubanismo terms?
Some examples of cubanismo terms include: cederista, federada, cuentapropista, camilito, bicitaxi, camello, cocotaxi, almendrón, seguroso, fiana, comuñanga, and gusano.